But I can't name a single Dutch composer.
Here's Wikipedia's list, and I'll be damned if there's a single name I recognize.
It's strange, because there are so many famous Dutch people in other walks of life: scientists (Leeuwenhoek, Huygens, de Waal,...), mathematicians (de Bruijn, Lenstra,...), artists (Rembrandt, Hals, Vermeer,...), and so forth.
Where are all the great Dutch composers hiding? Or am I just that ignorant?
20 comments:
Some thoughts from the web...
http://mcmvanbree.com/dutchperspective/why-are-there-no-famous-dutch-composers
but no obvious answers. Great question.
I think it may have to do with the Calvinist attitude toward music. English composition went into a decline under Cromwell, didn’t it? And then it took a long time for English composers to rise to the top.
Excellent question and being a Dutchman myself I don't know the answer. One possibly related point is that Dutch folk music is unimaginative compared to the folk music of other countries.
As for Calvinism I don't really buy it. Protestant Dutchies have been composing music to the Psalms for several centuries:
http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christelijke_liedbundels
I can't help with the composers, but if there's a list of famous Dutch painters, I have to ensure Piet Mondrian is on it. I just love what he did. He was doing 8-bit art before there were bits. I saw a fascinating 2002 show of his work at the Kimbell Art Museum in Ft. Worth, "Path to Abstraction", which showed the progression of his work through two decades.
The Marsellaise is of French origin, the Polonaise is from Poland. I guess there is just no Hollandaise source.
My first thought was "What about Ockeghem?" but apparently he counts as Belgian and he was even born in a French-speaking region, despite his Flemish-sounding name.
It does seem an anomaly, but the population of Holland is less than 1/3 that of Germany, France, the UK, Italy, or the US. Based solely on this, there should be 1/3 the number of composers (and also a huge number of composers from India and China) ...
George: The reason there are not that many famous composers in Western classical music from India and China is easy to explain: those two countries have their own extensive and long-living tradition of classical music, so budding musicians are much more likely to follow that tradition than a foreign one. I guess similar things would hold for countries like Iran.
Although we would like to think that classical music is universal, it is not. It originated in central Europe and touched some countries in the periphery. Britain doesn't have a great classical music tradition. Germany does. Holland remained outside. And so did Sweden. There are hardly any Swedish classical music composers. And so did Bulgaria and Greece. We are talking about schools of music which flourished in certain parts of Europe but not in others. Other parts had their own musical tradition.
As Takis pointed out, "classical music" means very different things in different parts of the world. In most Indian languages, for example, the equivalent term refers to the various Indian schools (there being at least two main classical traditions: Carnatic and Hindustani).
There are many great Dutch composers, but they're undervalued outside of the Netherlands because of cultural biases from around the time the classical canon was being formulated in the 19th century. At that time, the only "great composers" anybody cared to admit to the club were German/Austrian, French, and Italian. If you asked around among educated circles in late 19th century America and England, it would have been an article of faith that there were no great Russian composers either, despite the existence of Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, etc. The reason we now recognize them as a part of the canon is largely due to influence of the Soviets, who had a vested interest in co-opting and promoting them, just as they co-opted the "Golden Age" of Russian writers. Despite our own best intentions, the West's cultural landscape is often shaped far more than we notice by ideological enemies. Likewise, the writers and composers whose names survived Fascism are either those who made nice with the fascists (Respighi, Richard Strauss, Orff, Hindemith, etc.) or who enjoyed an excellent international reputation before the rise of fascism (Mann, Schoenberg, Lorca, de Falla, etc.). But few people these days listen to Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco or read Franz Werfel.
The tl;dr (too late!) is basically that the classical canon is thing rooted in a particular culture and time and that chance and the vagaries of politics have as much to do with who was admitted.
After the early 20th century, we stopped being interested in creating canons of Great Composers, so I'm not sure if there are any working today whose names would be instantly recognizable to everyone. Still, there are many worthy Dutch composers from every era. Three of the most famous contemporary ones are the minimalists Louis Andriessen and Simeon ten Holt (I recommend ten Holt's Canto Ostinato very highly) and the microtonal composer Ton de Leeuw. In the late-Romantic era, I enjoy Jan van Gilse, and Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck was the best composer of the very large group of Dutch Baroque composers. If you're interested in Dutch art music, I recommend just picking an era that suits your taste and find which composers were active then. There will undoubtedly be some in every era.
While there's much to what Nullifidian says about cultural biases and their influence on who gets recognized or ignored, it doesn't explain the stark absence of Dutch composers from the classical music pantheon. Finland, Norway, and Sweden were every bit as peripheral as the Netherlands to the Western European art music tradition. Yet these regions gave us the great composers Jean Sibelius, Edvard Grieg, and Carl Nielsen, respectively. Perhaps the call of painting was too great to ignore for the artistically-inclined Dutch?
Nielsen was Danish, not Swedish. Johan Helmich Roman was a significant Swedish composer of the Baroque, and in the Classical era Joseph Martin Kraus (although German-born) worked at the Swedish court of Gustav III).
Willem de Fesch was a notable Dutch Baroque composer. And let's not forget Beethoven has a "van" in front of his name for a reason: he had a Dutch grandfather!
During the Renaissance there was an important school of "Nederlandish" composers (perhaps they would be better considered Flemish or Belgian rather than Dutch).
Polonaise does not originate from Poland 😂
Wikipedia: "Polonaise is a Polish dance and is one of the five historic national dances of Poland".
Recognition often has little to do with the intrinsic quality of the music, and more with external factors, both conscious (marketing) and unconscious (cultural bias). Although there were many good Dutch composers working during the 19th and 20th century, they generally tended to conform to German palettes and were therefore regarded as second-rate later on. And there certainly is a certain lack of recognizability here and there: Verhulst is very Schumannian, and some of Wagenaar's works could easily be confused with Richard Strauss's. But there is some very good material around that for a multitude of reasons got neglected. Good examples are Van Gilse's symphonies (Particularly the 3rd and 4th), Van Bree's chamber music, or Zweers' patriotic 3rd symphony, each of which go beyond regurgitating imported templates.
We're very eager nowadays to (re) discover forgotten geniuses in any field of the arts, so if there was a really great Dutch composer at some time in the past, she would have been put in her rightful place by now. But there obviously never was such an outstanding composer.
Willem Pijper was a notable early 20th-century Dutch composer.
Discover these great Swedes
Stenhammar
Wilhelm Peterson-Berger
Hugo Alven
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